In: Sweeney DF, ed. Se incluy prospectivamente a pacientes sometidos a PRK transepitelial para correccin de miopa. Accessibility Such materials aid in increasing oxygen supply to the cornea. Hiraoka T, Kakita T, Okamoto F, et al. 2006;83:266-73.53. HHS Vulnerability Disclosure, Help Osborn-Lorenz K, Kakkassery J, Boree D, Pinto D. Atomic force microscopy and scanning electron microscopy analysis of daily disposable limbal ring contact lenses. Last year, PolyVue launched HD Dailies (hioxifilcon, 59% water content), which incorporate an aspheric curvature for each soft lens power and thickness, and compensate for aberrations caused by lens flexure on the eye. However, a newer generation of SiHy lenses were designed with these issues in mind. [1] Plasma surface treatments, in the form of plasma coating for NIGHT & DAY and plasma oxidation for PUREVISION, [1] are required to provide wettability. In tests, neither material outperformed the other in terms of comfort, and both had a low incidence of contact lens related problems and complications. No differences in comfortable wearing time were found between groups (P=0.41), and comfort at insertion, during day, and end of day was also no different (P0.71). In March 2016, Art Optical announced the availability of its new 16.5mm scleral lens, Ampleye. The Incidence of Local and General Contact Lens Induced Papillary Conjunctivitis in Silicone Hydrogel Contact Lenses. 1. To compare subjective, objective and safety performance of silicone hydrogel (SiHy) daily disposable (DD) with hydrogel (Hy) DD contact lenses. Below is a list of most contact lens materials on the market, their water percentage, their oxygen permeability rating, and manufacturer brands. PMC www.artoptical.com/storage/docs/Ampleye_Fitting_Booklet.pdf. Smooth surfaces are likely to decrease friction on the cornea and conjunctiva. Effects of two different contact lenses on ocular. 2018 Jun;41(3):252-257. doi: 10.1016/j.clae.2017.12.005. Nichols J. Optom Vis Sci 2013;90:1207-14.47. Talk with your doctor and family members or friends about deciding to join a study. Mohammadpour M, Heidari Z, Hashemi H, Asgari S. Eye Contact Lens. 2017;32:22-55. www.thevisioncouncil.org/content/digital-eye-strain, www.aaopt.org/coefficient-friction-and-soft-contact-lens-comfort, coopervision.com/practitioner/build-your-practice/insight-newsletter/coopervision-unveils-biofinity-energys-contact-lenses, www.bausch.com/our-products/contact-lenses/lenses-for-nearsighted-farsighted/bausch-lomb-ultra-contact-lenses/moistureseal-technology, www.artoptical.com/storage/docs/RKS_FG.pdf. According to the Tear Film and Ocular Surface Society (TFOS) report on CLD, the only CL material-related factor that demonstrates correlation with CLD is coefficient of friction. There was greater increase in limbal redness from baseline in Hy group (0.180.38 vs. 0.020.47, P<0.001), whereas conjunctival staining and indentation were less in Hy group (P<0.001). The data shown was obtained from measurements taken through the central 3-5 mm portion for the thinnest marketed lens (-6.00DS lens with a centre thickness 0.070mm). 2008;115(10):1655-62.13. Lenses made of PMMA are called hard lenses. coopervision.com/practitioner/build-your-practice/insight-newsletter/coopervision-unveils-biofinity-energys-contact-lenses. Asian patients corneas have a smaller horizontal visible iris diameter and are more prolate with a smaller palpebral fissure than Caucasians corneas. Sankaridurg P, Holden B, Smith E. Decrease in rate of myopia progression with a contact lens designed to reduce relative peripheral hyperopia: one-year results. 2013;90:205-14.50. In phase 2, the polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) grows around and throughout the silicone backbone. CooperVision Insight Newsletter. The .gov means its official. www.thevisioncouncil.org/content/digital-eye-strain. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. O'Hare N, Stapleton F, Naduvilath T, Jalbert I, Sweeney DF, Holden BA. Objective: To compare subjective, objective and safety performance of silicone hydrogel (SiHy) daily disposable (DD) with hydrogel (Hy) DD contact lenses. Artoptical. Rose K2 Soft. Method: Retrospective analysis on approximately 40 participants (Px) each in 5 trials. The epidemiology of microbial keratitis with silicone hydrogel contact lenses. The newly launched Rose K2 Soft design is a daily wear SiHy soft lens for irregular corneas, available as a three-month replacement lens. Andrasko G. Andrasko Corneal Staining Grid. Patients undergoing transepithelial PRK for myopia were prospectively recruited. This article reviews the latest SiHy materials that manufacturers hope will reduce patient discomfort as well as new CL materials and designs of other lens types. Follow the links below to read the other articles from our 41st annual Contact Lens Report: Even with healthy growth in the number of contact lens (CL) options on the market, one particular burden continues to dog the industrycontact lens discomfort (CLD).1-5, According to the Tear Film and Ocular Surface Society (TFOS) report on CLD, the only CL material-related factor that demonstrates correlation with CLD is coefficient of friction.6 However, until researchers agree upon an industry-standard methodology to measure friction of CL materials, this remains a difficult area to study. May 2008. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. Why Should I Register and Submit Results? 2014 Nov;40(11):1798-804. doi: 10.1016/j.jcrs.2014.02.040. Objective Evaluation Of On-Eye Optical Quality Of Daily Disposable Silicone Hydrogel Contact Lens With Internal Wetting Agents. The relationship between Dk, water content and modulus (modulus is depicted by the size of the bubble), As yet, no information is readily available on the performance of Avaira. Silicone hydrogel contact lenses were first introduced in late 1999 1 with the ability to supply sufficient oxygen to the cornea during overnight wear, thus making extended wear possible. 2019 Nov 5;13:2159-2165. doi: 10.2147/OPTH.S224450. 2015 Jun;38(3):215-9. doi: 10.1016/j.clae.2015.01.017. Nicole has worked as an optometrist in private practice for 10 years prior to taking a position in contact lens research at the Institute for Eye Research (IER) almost 10 years ago. See this image and copyright information in PMC. To learn more about this study, you or your doctor may contact the study research staff using the contacts provided below. J Cataract Refract Surg. Silicone hydrogel lenses are a more porous type of soft contact lens than regular hydrogel lenses, allowing more oxygen to enter the cornea. When hydrated the lens consists of 44.0% somofilcon A and 56.0% water by weight of saline Lenses grouped into SiHy (delefilcon A, somofilcon A, narafilcon A) and Hy (omafilcon A, nelfilcon A). Blanchard launches new scleral lens design for Asian eyeOnefit A now available. MeSH Cheng X, Chehab K, Brennan N. Controlling myopia progression with positive spherical aberration in soft contact lenses. The SynergEyes VS (Menicon) scleral lens completely vaults the cornea and limbus, landing entirely on the sclera.38 Its toric periphery may be precisely controlled in both the flat and steep meridians, aligning with the scleral for ease of landing and stability.38 This non-rotationally symmetrical lens design incorporates linear landing zones and landing zones with bi-tangential toricity.38 The linear landing zones are designed to follow the linear (rather than curved) shape of the sclera, accommodating a toric sclera.38 This should distribute the lens pressure more equally over the sclera due to the adjustable angles of the flat or steep meridians.38 The company hopes this will improve the scleral lens fit with less risk of air bubble formation or blanching of the conjunctival scleral vessels.38 The toric landing zones can greatly improve vision in patients with residual astigmatism as they are designed to provide consistent stabilization allowing for a front-surface cylinder. 2010;87(10):725-35.16. The commercially available SiHy and CH toric hydrogel CLs, and the stabilization methods and markings used in their lenses, is available for review (, Table 4. Copyright 2023 Jobson Medical Information LLC unless otherwise noted. Woods J, Woods C, Fonn D. Early symptomatic presbyopeswhat correction modality works best? Milner MS, Beckman KA, Luchs JI, Allen QB, Awdeh RM, Berdahl J, Boland TS, Buznego C, Gira JP, Goldberg DF, Goldman D, Goyal RK, Jackson MA, Katz J, Kim T, Majmudar PA, Malhotra RP, McDonald MB, Rajpal RK, Raviv T, Rowen S, Shamie N, Solomon JD, Stonecipher K, Tauber S, Trattler W, Walter KA, Waring GO 4th, Weinstock RJ, Wiley WF, Yeu E. Curr Opin Ophthalmol. Disclaimer. Multifocal lenses have shown improved success in correcting presbyopia when compared with monovision.51-53 Commercially available options are shown in (Table 4). Menicon recently launched Rose K2 Soft CL design for the irregular cornea. Ophthalmology. blanchardlab.com/blanchard-u/news/6566/. Click image to enlarge. Lens surface, lens corneal alignment, edge profile and quality, interactions with lens solutions are all probable factors to be considered in producing a lens with optimum comfort. Two Common Silicon Hydrogel Materials. Biofinity XR toric is a cast-molded, made-to-order lens that incorporates the same uniform horizontal thickness and ballast band design as Biofinity toric. Dumbleton KA. Mean age was 31 years (SD 11) and mean refractive error -4.5 D (SD 1.8). This material also features a Class I ultraviolent (UV) protection rating, and it blocks more than 90% of long-wave and 99% of shortwave UV rays. 2015 Mar;92(3):301-11. doi: 10.1097/OPX.0000000000000514. A number of new options have recently come to market in this category. Dumbleton K, Jones L, Chalmers R. Clinical characterization of spherical post-lens debris associated with lotrafilcon high-Dk silicone lenses. 2014;97:411-417. Choosing to participate in a study is an important personal decision. Hickson-Curran S, Brennan N, Igarashi Y, Young G. Comparative evaluation of Asian and white ocular topography. All rights reserved. Even with healthy growth in the number of contact lens (CL) options on the market, one particular burden continues to dog the industrycontact lens discomfort (CLD). Epub 2020 May 28. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt. Hydrogel lenses are made from hydrogels, which are gel-like, water-containing polymers. International contact lens prescribing in 2016. Toms-Juan J, Murueta-Goyena Larraaga A, Hanneken L. J Optom. They are also subcategorized into 1st generation, 2nd generation, and 3rd generation lens materials. Johnson & Johnson Vision announced the US launch of Acuvue Oasys 1-Day Brand CLs for Astigmatism. Is using any systemic or topical medications that will affect a study outcome variable, and/or ocular health. Accessed July 20, 2017.37. [8][9][10], The materials that are classified in the 5 FDA groups include the ones listed in the next 5 sections:[11][12]. Limbal ring CLs magnify the eye appearance and this is achieved by adding pigments to these lenses. Clipboard, Search History, and several other advanced features are temporarily unavailable. El estudio se complet incluyendo 48 ojos de 24 pacientes. Together with your eye doctor, you can learn the benefits of each and determine which is the best choice for you. Mean pain score at day 1 was significantly higher in the Comfilcon group at 4.6 (SD 2.7) vs. 1.5 (SD2.5) in the Senofilcon group (P<0.005). [6] These 'water-loving' soft contact lens materials are categorized as "Conventional Hydrophilic Material Groups ("-filcon"): The FDA has been considering updating soft contact lens group types and related guidance literature. Tighe BJ. Holden B, Stephenson A, Stretton S, et al. Accessed July 20, 2017.31. Further studies are warranted to understand the impact of these new technologies on CL comfort. 2011;94:76-81.54. Mean postoperative characteristics of epithelial, Mean postoperative characteristics of epithelial healing, vision and pain comparing a second and, Inter-eye comparison of subjective pain scores between a second (Senofilcon A) and third, MeSH 2013;39(1):86-92.18. 2017. Included patients had a Comfilcon A silicone hydrogel lens inserted in one eye, with a Senofilcon A lens in the contralateral eye. The water gradient technology incorporates what the manufacturer calls core and surface optimization: the core material has 33% water content (low water content helps to deliver high oxygen transmissibility) and the surface employs a hydrophilic gel designed to provide lubricity (>80% water). It is likely that other factors such as lens surface and lens/corneal alignment play a role in subjective and objective visual acuity. Less Corneal and Conjunctival Interactions? Pigment location on seven different daily disposable limbal ring CL materials was studied and, aside from one lens material, all tested lens materials revealed pigments on the surface.54 The pigments located on the surface of the CL will either interact with the palpebral conjunctiva or the cornea depending on location of the surface coating (front or back). With these lenses we see a higher Dk with higher water content than would be expected with first generation lenses, and correspondingly lower modulus, related to the higher water content. Silicone hydrogel 1 Day (somofilcon A) Soft (hydrophilic) Daily Disposable Contact Lens with UV Blocker. 2022 Feb 18;15(2):299-305. doi: 10.18240/ijo.2022.02.16. ", "Should Silicone Hydrogels be Placed in a Separate FDA Soft Contact Lens Category? Compared to hydrogel contact lenses, silicone hydrogel enables five times more oxygen to reach the cornea. This lens has an optimized ballast toric design and is available in a power range of plano to -6.00D with cylinder options of 0.75D, 1.25D, and 1.75D in axes from 10 to 180 in 10 steps. Due to their improved comfort and ease of use, hydrogel lenses have made disposable contacts the first choice for both eye doctors and their patients. 2018 May 15;2018:1493967. doi: 10.1155/2018/1493967. Dual-focus designs and peripheral plus powered aspheric designs also show myopia reduction; however, debate about the visual quality reduction caused by the induction of positive spherical aberration when using this approach persists. For general information, Learn About Clinical Studies. View this study on Beta.ClinicalTrials.gov, Study Protocol and Statistical Analysis Plan, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, The safety and scientific validity of this study is the responsibility of the study sponsor and investigators. According to the company, this comfilcon A-based lens has two novel elements: digital zone optics, which integrates multiple, front-surface, aspheric curves across the entire optical zone, distributing power evenly and simulating more positive power in the center of the lens; and aquaform technology, which has high oxygen transmissibility and low modulus, attracting and binding water. The data shown was obtained from measurements taken through the central 3-5 mm portion for the thinnest marketed lens ( -6. Clipboard, Search History, and several other advanced features are temporarily unavailable. El ndice medio de dolor en el da 1 fue considerablemente superior en el grupo de Comfilcon, con un valor de 4,6 (DE 2,7), frente a 1,5 (DE 2,5) en el grupo de Senofilcon (P < 0,005). Johnson & Johnson Vision also launched Acuvue Oasys 1-Day with HydraLuxe technology,which uses a tear-infused design that mimics mucins to help support a stable tear film. Would you like email updates of new search results? In 2017, Bausch + Lomb introduced Biotrue OneDay for Astigmatism daily disposable CLs (nesofilcon A). The TFOS International Workshop on Contact Lens Discomfort: report of the subcommittee on epidemiology. Carnt N, Jalbert I, Stretton S, Naduvilath T, Papas E. Solution toxicity in soft contact lens daily wear is associated with corneal inflammation. The lens material (somofilcon A) is a hydrophilic co-polymer of silicone containing monomers and hydrophilic monomers which is cross-linked with tetraethyleneglycol . eCollection 2019. Objective: To compare subjective, objective and safety performance of silicone hydrogel (SiHy) daily disposable (DD) with hydrogel (Hy) DD contact lenses. Read our, ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03372551, Interventional Rose K lenses are a frequently prescribed lens design for the correction of keratoconus and irregular cornea conditions and are mostly rigid gas permeable lenses. 1247 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[<1D3C5207F8977148BDDE1CE40333E5F2><6AC07380E7D3CC48A1D82F0EAD619E4B>]/Index[1235 23]/Info 1234 0 R/Length 69/Prev 260878/Root 1236 0 R/Size 1258/Type/XRef/W[1 2 1]>>stream Atkins N. Menicon PremiO: a new SiH for daily and extended wear. Individual Participant Data (IPD) Sharing Statement: Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated Drug Product: Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated Device Product: Device Product Not Approved or Cleared by U.S. FDA: Product Manufactured in and Exported from the U.S.: somofilcon A daily disposable test soft contact lens, somofilcon A daily disposable control soft contact lens, Subjective Vision [TimeFrame:up to 1 week], Corneal Staining [TimeFrame:up to 1 week], Conjunctival Staining [TimeFrame:up to 1 week]. The incidence of contact lens-related microbial keratitis in Australia. Table 1. Detailed Description: The SynergEyes VS (Menicon) scleral lens completely vaults the cornea and limbus, landing entirely on the sclera. Contact Lens Ant Eye. Bethesda, MD 20894, Web Policies Bandage Lenses in the Postoperative Care for Cataract Surgery Patients: A Substitute for Eye Patch? In August 2016, CooperVision announced the launch of a new SiHy lens, Avaira Vitality (CooperVision), in sphere and toric options, manufactured from fanfilcon A, which has a high water content (55%) and high oxygen permeability (Dk) and transmissibility level (Dk/t). All rights reserved. 56% 1 Day (somofilcon A) Soft (hydrophilic) Contact Lenses for Daily Wear Single Use is a hydrophilic co-polymer of silicone containing monomers and hydrophilic monomers which is cross-linked with tetraethyleneglycol dimethacrylate. Protein and lipid deposits on lenses are affected by lens material and solution, and are associated with clinical performance. Biofinity and Avaira do not have surface coating or intrinsic wetting agent. [3] These include: The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) defines soft contact lenses as: made of soft, flexible plastics that allow oxygen to pass through to the cornea. The short-term physiological impact of switching reusable silicone hydrogel wearers into a hydrogel daily disposable multifocal. Evaluar y comparar las lentes de contacto de hidrogel de silicona Comfilcon A y Senofilcon A, utilizadas como apsito teraputico tras la realizacin de una queratectoma fotorrefractiva (PRK) mediante lser excimer transepitelial. One side of the HydraGlyde molecule adsorbs onto the contact lens; the other attracts additional moisture, which the manufacturer says results in an envelope of lasting lens surface wettability. Clin Exp Optom. The PubMed wordmark and PubMed logo are registered trademarks of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). How these materials perform in terms of lens deposition, particularly lipid that silicone hydrogel lenses are prone to, will be interesting, particularly with recent correlations between laboratory analysis and clinical findings. FOIA Professional fitting instructions. [14][15][16][17] Note that the higher the oxygen transmissibility rating, the more oxygen gets to the eye. Biocompatibility in the development of silicone-hydrogel lenses. La evaluacin postoperatoria del dolor subjetivo, reepitelizacin y recuperacin visual se realiz los das 1, 3 y 7. This new material used silicone in a contact lens to allow more oxygen to flow to the cornea, increasing the comfort and clinical performance over hydrogel lenses. 2011;52:9362-7.49. www.aaopt.org/coefficient-friction-and-soft-contact-lens-comfort. An official website of the United States government. Method: [5] Soft contact lenses were first produced in 1961 by Czech chemical engineer Otto Wichterle using polyhydroxyethylmethacrylate (pHEMA), a material that achieved long-term commercial application. 2014;37(2):116-9.40. 1235 0 obj <> endobj The purpose of this study is to evaluate the clinical performance of an investigational silicone-hydrogel contact lens (test) against a marketed silicone-hydrogel contact lens (control) when worn on a daily disposable wear modality over 1 week (for each lens) in a randomized, bilateral, cross-over, dispensing study. What did she learn when evaluating criteria such as comfort, vision, wettability, and adverse events . Biofinity and Avaira have rounded edge designs, while PremiO has a thin and semi-round edge according to the manufacturers. Accessibility Taylor KR, Caldwell MC, Payne AM, Apsey DA, Townley JR, Reilly CD, Panday VA. J Cataract Refract Surg. The most important distinction between these lenses is your vision, comfort and oxygen flow to the cornea. When it comes to dry and sensitive eyes, hydrogel material is frequently the best option due to its particular biocompatibility with the human eye. Dumbleton K, Caffery B, Dogru M, et al. This feature makes them an excellent choice for long-term use. CLAO J. sharing sensitive information, make sure youre on a federal When the water in hydrogel lenses gradually evaporates, for example, after many hours of wear or in dry or windy air, the material becomes drier and less comfortable to wear. Published by Elsevier Espana. 1257 0 obj <>stream Postoperative assessment of subjective pain, epithelial healing and visual recovery was at day 1, 3 and 7. Accessed July 20, 2017.32. El tiempo medio de reepitelizacin fue de 3,17 das (DE 0,37) en el grupo de Comfilcon, y de 3,21 das (DE 0,4) en el grupo de Senofilcon, sin diferencia en cuanto a tamao de defecto. Has undergone corneal refractive surgery. This site needs JavaScript to work properly. Etafilcon A attracts the highest amount (approximately 1300 g/lens) [ 41, 50] while all other HEMA-based lenses deposit typically less than 100 g/lens lysozyme. The objective of the study is to compare the overall subjective comfort profile over 8 hours of lens wear in two groups of habitual soft contact lens wearers (daily disposable hydrogel lenses and frequent replacement lenses) when refitted in to somofilcon A lenses. official website and that any information you provide is encrypted 2003;29:S131-4.10. Pecego M, Barnett M, Mannis M, Durbin-Johnson B. Jupiter scleral lenses: the UC Davis Eye Center experience. Silicone hydrogel has high oxygen permeability, so silicone hydrogel contact lenses allow much more oxygen to pass through the lens and reach the cornea. According to the company, Rose K2 Soft offers edge lift control, prism ballast stabilization and reverse geometry. Before analysis, each lens was removed from its blister pack and placed in 5 mL of phosphate buffered saline (PBS) (Mediatech Inc., Manassas, VA) for a minimum of 24 hr. Please remove one or more studies before adding more. official website and that any information you provide is encrypted Brennan NA, Coles ML, Connor HR, McIlroy RG. However, a newer generation of SiHy lenses were designed with these issues in mind. The site is secure. Please visit. 2013;54:TFOS7-TFOS13.3. Lens parameters of the new generation lenses are detailed in Table 1. Nicole Carnt - B. Optom (UNSW) Nicole has worked as an optometrist in private practice for 10 years prior to taking a position in contact lens research at the Institute for Eye Research (IER) almost 10 years ago. INTRODUCTION. Reproduction in whole or in part without permission is prohibited. Clin Ophthalmol. Coopervision unveils biofinity energys contact lenses. contact lens related problems and complications. Color CL fits in Asia are quite high when compared with the United States, with about 4% in the United States, and 58% and 41% in Taiwan and Korea. The .gov means its official. 48 eyes of 24 patients were included in the study. Jones L, Subbaraman L, Rogers R, Dumbleton K. Surface treatment, wetting and modulus of silicone hydrogels. Risk factors for contact lens complications in US clinical practices. Announcements about plus powers, high minus powers and a -2.25 cylinder are expected later in 2017. doi: 10.1097/ICL.0000000000000471. 8600 Rockville Pike Eye Contact Lens. Please refer to this study by its ClinicalTrials.gov identifier (NCT number): NCT03372551. Optom Vis Sci. 2011;52(9):6690-6.14. Skotnitsky C, Naduvilath T, Sweeney D. Two presentations of contact lens-induced papillary conjunctivitis (CLPC) in hydrogel lens wear: Local and general. Senofilcon A is a new-generation silicone hydrogel material used in the manufacture of contact lenses. Tissue Eng Part A. Newer soft lens materials include silicone-hydrogels to provide more oxygen to your eye while you wear your lenses. In 1938 perspex (polymethylmethacrylate, or PMMA) began to replace glass in contact lens manufacture. Incidence of corneal infiltrative events (SiHy vs. Hy: 6.7% vs. 2.5%; P=0.32) and mechanical adverse events (SiHy vs. Hy: 0.0% vs. 0.0%; P=1.00) were no different. The Clariti 1 Day (somofilcon A) Soft (Hydrophilic) Daily Disposable Contact Lens with UV blocker is indicated for daily wear single use only for the correction of refractiveametropia (myopia and hyperopia) in phakic or aphakic persons with non . For Biofinity, macromers are the only source of silicone and no surface treatment or internal wetting agent is required. Please enable it to take advantage of the complete set of features! [4], The first contact lenses were made of glass, in 1888. Contact lenses 2016 a status quo remains for much of the contact lens industry. CooperVision announced the limited rollout of Avaira Vitality toric (in the fanfilcon A material). Careers. Ocular physiology and comfort in neophyte subjects fitted with daily disposable silicone hydrogel contact lenses. Szczotka-Flynn L, Diaz M. Risk of corneal inflammatory events with silicone hydrogel and low Dk hydrogel extended contact lens wear: a meta-analysis. In. Comparison of Somofilcon A Daily Disposable Test Contact Lens and Somofilcon A Daily Disposable Control Contact Lens View this study on Beta.ClinicalTrials.gov Sponsor: Coopervision, Inc. Information provided by (Responsible Party): Coopervision, Inc. Study Details Tabular View Study Results Disclaimer How to Read a Study Record Study Description